Top 25 Most Notorious Bank Robbers in History

Top 25 Most Notorious Bank Robbers in History

Originally published by Shelmith Njeru on March 2023 and updated by Vanessa M in March 2024

Forget edge walking, highlining, and cliff camping. Executing a bank robbery is, indeed, the most daring activity to partake in. Otne wrong move and you are either pushing up daisies or behind bars.

 Carrying out a bank heist is not for your average adrenaline junky. It requires meticulous planning, a level head, fast thinking, and a solid objective just like these infamous bank robbers. Despite having all these, there is zero guarantee of a successful escape or a life out of jail.

Below are history’s most notorious bank robbers who thrived living life on its very own edge.

1. John Dillinger

Different faces of Dillinger. Photo By FBI – Wikimedia Commons

A repeat offender and fugitive from justice, John Herbert Dillinger was the most vicious bank robber of the 1900s. In his life of crime, he killed, wounded, and terrorized numerous citizens in the Midwest.

Dillinger, who had served in Utah’s USS navy, was first arrested in September 1924. While in prison, his inmates taught him how to rob banks. He executed his first bank heist immediately after his release robbing 5 banks in just 4 months!

Between 1933 and 1934, John broke out of prison twice and fled across the country whilst robbing banks. He became Public Enemy Number 1.

In July of 1934, a friend of John’s partner collaborated with the authorities and set him up. He tried to escape the police ambush but was shot dead outside a theatre in Chicago, Illinois.

Read about 20 infamous gangsters from Chicago here.

2. Baby Face Nelson

Lester Gillis’s mugshot (1931). Photo Source Wikimedia Commons

Lester Gillis, commonly known as Baby Face Nelson, was a notorious bank robber and murderer from Chicago, Illinois. If you are as curious as I am, you’re most certainly wondering why a criminal would be named Baby Face.

Well, Lester appeared way younger than most men his age and botox hadn’t even hit the market yet! It is hard to believe that an innocent-looking man would be as dangerous as he was.

Gillis first began as a petty thief. He later joined Al Capone and his gang and began bootlegging and racketeering.

In April 1930, Nelson robbed his first bank escaping with USD 4,000. Seven months later, he and his gang robbed the Itasca State Bank. In 1934, Nelson and Dillinger became partners.

Baby Face met his demise in a gun battle with the FBI. He died outside Barrington, Illinois.

3. Clyde Barrow

Clyde Champion Barrow Mug Shot – Dallas 6048. Photo By Dallas (Tex.). Police Dept – Wikimedia Commons

Clyde Barrow was part of a two-man criminal gang in the 1930s. He traveled the greater part of Central U.S. terrorizing civilians and robbing banks.

Born to a poor family in Dallas, Texas, Barrow opted for a life of crime to cater to his financial needs. Despite getting legitimate work, he found a thrill in stealing cars and robbing stores.  

Barrow’s life goal was to gain an extensive amount of fame and fortune from robbing banks. In 1933, he made his first huge bank robbery in Minnesota. It marked the beginning of other bank heists.  

Barrow’s robbery escapades found their way to the press. At the time, America was going through economic turmoil and new federal statutes made it ten times harder for bank robbers to evade the law. 

A manhunt began on May 23^rd, 1934, Barrow was shot dead in Black Lake, Louisiana.

4. Bonnie Parker

A snapshot of criminal Bonnie Parker smoking a cigar, seized by police 4-13-1933. Photo By FBI – Wikimedia Commons

Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was the most wanted female bank robber of the 1930s. She was the lover and criminal partner of Clyde Barrow. Many believed that it was Parker’s soft spot for Barrow that had her join his infamous lifestyle.  

Bonnie’s first bank robbery was at the National Bank of Lawrence in Kansas. Between July and August 1933, she successfully robbed two banks in Oklahoma and one in Texas.

Bonnie and Clyde became a force to be reckoned with. The famous duo was responsible for a string of other heists, the death of civilians and police officers. Bonnie died in 1934, during a shootout in Black Lake after a police ambush.

To learn about the most famous bank robberies in America, click on this link.

5. Pretty Boy Floyd

Charles Arthur Floyd, a.k.a Pretty Boy Floyd, was a professional bank robber whose weapon of choice was the machine gun. Just like Clyde, he grew up in poverty and as a result, he became a full-time criminal.

After serving a 4-year sentence in Missouri, Floyd joined a team of burglars. The gang robbed several banks in Ohio, Kentucky, and Michigan. He returned to his hometown after escaping apprehension by a whisker.  

Arthur continued his unlawful activities in Oklahoma and in 1933, he faced serious charges. He was accused of being part of a Kansas City massacre that led to the death of 3 police officers.  He was gunned down in October 1934, a month after the death of Baby Face Nelson. 

6. Edwin Alonzo Boyd

Police picture of bank robber Edwin Alonzo Boyd. Photo By Canadian Police Department. Wikimedia Commons

Edwin Boyd was a famous Canadian robber of the 1950s. He was known for his numerous bank robberies across Toronto and other parts of the country. He was also the son of Glover Boyd, a policeman who served in Toronto city.

The devastatingly handsome fellow was a classy, charming man who always wore a fine suit as his ensemble. He made the first robbery in 1951 at the Bank of Montreal, Danforth Avenue.

Alonzo continued robbing banks until 1952 when he was arrested. He was sentenced to life in prison but was released in 1969 on parole.

7. Butch Cassidy

Wyoming Territorial Prison in Laramie, WY – mugshot. Photo Source Wikimedia Commons

At the age of 14, Butch Cassidy ran away from home to pursue his life as a criminal. He dropped his government name, Robert LeRoy Parker, and named himself after his mentor and a local cattle thief, Mike Cassidy.

In 1894, Cassidy was arrested and sentenced to 18 months in prison for stealing a horse in Wyoming. Eight months after his release, he made away with USD 7,000 from a heist at the Montpelier National Bank, Idaho.

The Idaho robbery wasn’t Cassidy’s first rodeo. In 1889, he robbed the San Miguel Valley Bank in Colorado. It is believed that he and his partner, the Sundance Kid, robbed at least 6 other banks during their criminal partnership.

Cassidy met his death (as most, if not all, criminals do) during a gun exchange with South American State soldiers. The authorities had been tipped off by a local at San Vicente. He identified Cassidy as one of the bandits behind an earlier courier attack.

8. Sundance Kid

Sundance Kid was a Pennsylvanian-born gangster and the fastest gunslinger of Cassidy’s Wild Bunch. His early life was similar to that of his partner in crime, Butch Cassidy. He was arrested at the age of 20 for stealing a horse and gun from a cowboy in Wyoming.

Shortly after his release, Harry Alonzo Longabaugh/Sundance Kid began his life as an outlaw. He joined Butch Cassidy in the 1900s. In September 1900, the two took part in the robbery at the National Bank of Winnemucca.  

In 1908, Sundance Kid and Butch Cassidy were shot dead by Bolivian soldiers.

9. Jesse James

Jesse james portrait in colour. Photo Source Wikimedia Commons

Jesse Woodson James was a gang leader and pro-bank robber in the 1860s. Before becoming a criminal, he served as part of a pro-Confederate group that fought in the American Civil War.  

James and his brother Frank were the ring leaders of the James-Younger Gang. The gang is said to have robbed trains and banks in 11 states across America. After an unsuccessful burglary at the Northfield First National Bank, the group was dissolved in 1876.

 Jesse still continued breaking the law and participating in dangerous heists. His days were, however, short-lived. He was shot dead in the back of his head by Robert Ford, a member of his gang and government informant.

Find out the 20 most famous train robbers in the world on the Discover Walk website.

10. Stanley Mark Rifkin

Stanley Mark Rifkin committed the most effortless bank robbery of the 20^th century. Using only his computer and good memory, he wired USD 10.2 million into a New York bank account from Security Pacific National Bank.

No weapons, no hostages, and no injuries. The robbery was, in fact, the cleanest of its kind. The bank, based in Los Angeles, had no clue about the theft until the FBI informed them.

After his successful mission, Rifkin began planning another bank heist at the Union Bank of Los Angeles. His idea was to use the exact tactic he did.  

To clean up the cash, Stanley bought diamonds worth USD 8.145 million which he later resold. The stolen money became untraceable. He was, however, set up by a potential client and his former business partner, O’Brien.

In March 1979, Stanley received his sentence of 8 years imprisonment for two counts of fraud. 

11. Patty Hearst

Convicted bank robber, Patty Hearst arrest photo. Photo Source Wikimedia Commons

Patricia Campbell Hearst was the daughter of the business mogul and prominent figure, William Randolph Hearst. In February 1974, she made the headlines after being kidnapped from her apartment by an American militant organization known as the Symbionese Liberation.

Patty’s transition into a life of crime was quite the anomaly. Held hostage by the Liberation, she was tucked away in a closet for weeks. She was 19 at the time.

Patty went days without food or water. As part of her routine, she was made to memorize the political tracts of the group blindfolded. Slowly, she began believing in what they stood for. A classic case of brainwashing.

Patty became a member of the gang in April, 2 months after her kidnapping. That same month, she took part in a USD 10,000 theft at the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco. She then robbed the Crocker National Bank and stole USD 15,000 in cash.

Hearst was arrested and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment.

12. Willie Sutton

Willie Sutton, bank robber. Photo By Gotfryd, Bernard – Wikimedia Commons

Willie Sutton was a hoodlum and talented actor from Brooklyn, New York. He is one of the few burglars who died having killed no one despite spending over 30 years committing crimes.

Sutton’s acting skills were his disguise. A pretty smart way of evading the law and outwitting the authorities. He would get away with mimicking any character he wanted to. A messenger, a local guard, a sickly man, even a janitor!

In 1930, he committed his first bank robbery at the Corn Exchange Bank in Philadelphia while posing as a Western Union messenger. He was arrested but broke out of prison two years later.

Willie continued his bank heists up until 1952. He was captured and detained until 1969 when he was released on parole.

13. Jeffrey Erickson

After finishing high school, Jeffrey Erickson joined the United States Marine Corps. He quit the police force, got married, and settled in Hanover Park, a suburb of Chicago.

Jeffrey and his wife had a peculiar life, according to his neighbors. The couple kept to themselves and were often seen going on bike rides in the wee hours of the morning.     

On January 9^th 1990, Jeffrey and his wife stormed into the First Nationwide Bank in Wilmette. This became his first-ever bank heist. His disguise was a false dark beard. It earned him the street name the Bearded Robber.

In the following 2 years, Erickson stole a total of about USD 180,000 from his bank robberies. He was indicted in February 1992. In July, he was shot four times after trying to escape the authorities.  

14. Jill Erickson

Jill Sandra Erickson was the adopted child of Fran and Carl Cohen. At 17, she fell in love with Jeffrey Erickson after meeting him at a local bar in Illinois. The two wed in July 1983 and Jill soon became Jeffrey’s accomplice and partner in crime.

In the early years of their marriage, the couple lived a normal life. Jill worked as lab technician while Jeffrey was a chauffeur. Things took a turn in 1990 when they robbed their first bank. They proceed to steal from 8 others within Chicago.

The couple was the new Bonnie and Clyde. Jill was the assigned getaway driver while Jeffrey was the disguised robber. In December 1991, Jill was shot dead during a police gun exchange.

15. Albert Spaggiari

Albert Spaggiari was a French fugitive and big-time bank robber. As a photographer and entrepreneur, his life was too mundane for his liking. He quickly grew tired of it and sought an adventure, a thrill that involved high risk and money.

Spaggiari broke into Societe Generale Bank in July 1976. His aim was to get his girlfriend a diamond with the stolen money. He subcontracted a group of other bank robbers and together, they dug a tunnel leading up to the bank.

Valuables and money worth 60 million francs were stolen from the heist. They successfully escaped. Unluckily, one of the arrested burglars snitched on the rest of his allies including Albert.

Albert fled to Argentina after facial reconstruction. Despite several police manhunts, he was never found. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in absentia.

16. Al Capone

Chicago Bureau (Federal Bureau of Investigation) – Wide World Photos, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Al Capone (1899-1947) was an American gangster who led the Chicago Outfit during the Prohibition era. He oversaw a multimillion-dollar empire of illegal breweries, speakeasies, and gambling dens, ruling with bribery and ruthless violence. His gang was responsible for the infamous St. Valentine’s Day Massacre of 1929.

Despite his vast wealth and power, Capone was imprisoned for tax evasion in 1931. After nearly 8 years of service, he was released in 1939 due to syphilis. Capone’s legacy established him as the most well-known American mobster, embodying the lawlessness and excess of the Roaring Twenties.

17. Machine Gun Kelly

George Kelly Barnes, also known as Machine Gun Kelly was an American gangster during the Prohibition era. Born on July 18, 1895, in Memphis, Tennessee, he rose to prominence for his involvement in several criminal activities, including bootlegging and bank robberies. He was a flamboyant and media-savvy criminal known by the nickname of his favorite weapon.

In 1933, he and his accomplice kidnapped oil tycoon Charles Urschel demanding a $200,000 ransom, which sparked a high-profile federal investigation. Machine Gun Kelly was convicted in 1934 and sentenced to a lengthy prison term. Despite his limited success as a criminal, his larger-than-life persona helped cement his place in American crime lore. Kelly died in 1954.

18. Frank James

Daniel Hass, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Frank James (1843–1915) was an American outlaw and the older brother of the more famous Jesse James. They led the James-Younger gang in a series of daring robberies and crimes throughout the Midwest in the years after the Civil War. Frank was present at both the Gallatin bank robbery in 1869 and the devastating Gads Hill train robbery in 1873.

Following Jesse’s death in 1882, Frank surrendered to authorities and was tried but acquitted on robbery charges. He spent his later years lecturing and conducting interviews, attempting to elevate the James brothers’ status as rebels against Union oppression rather than common criminals. Frank’s performance was frequently overshadowed by Jesse’s legendary status.

19. Ma Barker and her sons 

Ma Barker (1873-1935) was the notorious matriarch of the Barker-Karpis gang, one of the most violent criminal gangs during the Depression. She and her sons, Herman, Arthur, and Fred, robbed banks, kidnapped wealthy businessmen for ransom, and murdered several law enforcement officers. William Hamm, president of the Hamm Brewing Company, was kidnapped and killed in 1933, and the Barker gang was suspected of being responsible.

After a two-year crime spree, the gang was apprehended in 1935. Ma Barker and her son Fred died in a shootout with FBI agents. Herman was executed in 1935, and Arthur was imprisoned until paroled in 1938. Ma Barker’s leadership of the ruthless gang established her as one of the most notorious female criminals in American history.

20. The Stopwatch Gang

Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko from Pexels

The Stopwatch Gang was a group of bank robbers who operated in the 1980s, known for their meticulous planning and precise execution of heists timed to the second using stopwatches. Led by Virgil Cain and Michael Mockus, the gang committed over 30 robberies in the Midwest and Southwest, stealing an estimated $28 million from banks and armored cars.

Their tactics included extensive reconnaissance, code names, disguises, and getaway vehicles. In 1986, an undercover FBI operation and informants helped bring the gang down. Members such as Cain received lengthy sentences, and the FBI hailed the case as one of their most significant investigations into organized bank robbery crews at the time. The Stopwatch Gang’s daring heists and meticulous timing made them notorious in the 1980s crime scene.

21. Al Brady and the Brady Gang

Al Brady led the infamous Brady Gang, which terrorized the Midwest United States during the Great Depression with a series of bank robberies and murders. Brady gathered a crew that included his wife Etta and other criminal associates such as Samuel Gailord and Harold Dougherty. Known for their brutality, the gang killed several law enforcement officers and civilians during their crime spree between 1933 and 1936.

Their most notorious heist was the 1935 Kansas City Massacre, in which four cops were gunned down. After more than two years on the run, the Brady Gang was apprehended and killed in a shootout with police in Bangor, Maine, in 1936. The gang’s vicious criminality and unforgiving violence against police established them as one of the most feared outlaw gangs of the 1930s.

22. The Pink Panthers

Photo by Zachary DeBottis from Pexels

The Pink Panthers are a notorious international group of jewel thieves and robbers that emerged in the 1990s. The network, which is mostly made up of former Serbian military personnel, has carried out audacious robberies throughout Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the United States. Their heists are distinguished by meticulous planning, sophisticated techniques such as makeup disguises and duplicated keys, and outright robberies in broad daylight.

Some of their most notable thefts include the $108 million diamond heist in Antwerp in 2003 and the $28.5 million Graff Diamonds robbery in London in 2003. Interpol estimates that the Pink Panthers have stolen over $500 million in jewelry to date. Despite hundreds of arrests over the years, the elusive crime syndicate continues to strike high-value targets around the world with unparalleled prowess in stealing gems.

23. The Newton Gang

Willis, Joe, and Jess Newton formed the Newton Gang, a family of bank robbers who operated in the early twentieth century. The Newtons were from Uvalde, Texas, and operated in the 1920s and 1930s. Despite their criminal activities, they were known as the “Gentleman Bandits.”

The Newtons successfully carried out numerous bank heists across the Midwest, amassing a sizable fortune. They gained notoriety as they outwitted law enforcement. In 1924, the gang carried out their final major heist, robbing a train. Eventually, the Newtons were apprehended, resulting in their imprisonment and the end of their criminal careers.

24. The Over-the-Hill Gang

Photo by Specna Arms from Pexels

The Over-the-Hill Gang was a group of aging career criminals who committed a series of daring bank robberies in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Massachusetts during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Wilbur Steele, a former boxer in his 60s, led the gang, which included Robert Venable, David Bouami, and James Tapscott, all of whom were in their 50s or 60s at the time.

Despite their advanced ages, they committed highly organized and violent bank robberies, frequently taking hostages. The gang’s advanced age and brazen robbery style earned them national recognition. The FBI apprehended the Over-the-Hill Gang in 1981 after they committed over $600,000 in crimes across multiple states. Their exploits served as the inspiration for Peter Falk’s 1987 film “Rogues“.

25. Gerald Blanchard

 Blanchard, also known as the “Master of Disguise,” carried out a variety of sophisticated crimes, including identity theft, art theft, and electronic fraud. He operated internationally, focusing on high-profile individuals and institutions. Blanchard’s most audacious heist involved stealing a $20 million Stradivarius violin from a Canadian museum.

His criminal activities lasted several years before his arrest in 2007. Blanchard later cooperated with authorities, providing details about his elaborate schemes. His criminal exploits and adaptability earned him a reputation as one of the most intriguing and elusive modern criminals.

These notorious criminals have inspired numerous films, series, songs, and books. Others such as Jesse James and Pretty Boy Floyd remain legendary figures. Willie Sutton dedicated his years in jail to writing a memoir.

Burglary isn’t exactly the best way to gain public attention but these bank robbers sure made the headlines!

Read about the 20 most gangsters of all time on the article.